Journal of Dairy Science
Volume 89, Issue 6 , Pages 1896-1905 , June 2006

Invited Review: Culling: Nomenclature, Definitions, and Recommendations

  • J. Fetrow

      Affiliations

    • College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author.
  • ,
  • K.V. Nordlund

      Affiliations

    • School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
  • ,
  • H.D. Norman

      Affiliations

    • Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350

Received 28 July 2005 ,Accepted 2 January 2006.

References 

  1. AgSource Cooperative Service. 2005. Block G, yearly turnover. http:// www.crinet.com/hsblockg.htm Accessed July 1, 2005.
  2. Allaire FR. Economic consequences of replacing cows with genetically improved heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 1981;64:1985–1995
  3. American Veterinary Medical Association. 2005. Animal welfare position statements, food animals, disabled livestock. http://www.avma.org/issues/policy/animal_welfare/disabled_livestock.asp Accessed June 30, 2005.
  4. Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory. USDA. 2004. Format 6: Health record (May 2004 draft version). http://aipl.arsusda.gov/formats/proposed/fmt6.html Accessed July 18, 2005.
  5. Bascom SS, Young AJ. A summary of the reasons why farmer cull cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1998;81:2299–2305
  6. Beaudeau F, van der Ploeg JD, Boileau B, Seegers H, Noordhuizen JPTM. Relationships between culling criteria in dairy herds and farmers’ management styles. Prev. Vet. Med. 1996;25:327–342
  7. Brett J. What is the ideal culling rate?. Dairy Herd Manage. 2003;40:100
  8. Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor. 2004. People are asking. Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey. http:// www.bls.gov/jlt/jltask.htm Accessed July 1, 2005.
  9. Congleton WR, King LW. Profitability of dairy cow herd life. J. Dairy Sci. 1984;67:661–674
  10. Dairy Records Management Systems. 1997. DHIA-202 herd summary, Fact Sheet A-1. Online. Available http://www.drms.org/PDF/materials/202fact1.pdf Accessed July 5, 2005.
  11. Dohoo I, Martin W, Stryhn H. Veterinary Epidemiologic Research. Charlottetown, PEI, Canada: Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island; 2003;
  12. Dohoo IR, Dijkhuizen AA. Techniques involved in making dairy cow culling decisions. Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet. 1993;15:515–519
  13. Fetrow J. Culling dairy cows. Proc. 20th Annu. Conv. Stillwater, OK: Am. Assoc. Bovine Pract. Phoenix, AZ. Frontier Printers, Inc; 1987;Pages 102–107
  14. Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services. 2004. Use of materials derived from cattle in human food and cosmetics, 21CFRParts 189 and 700, Docket No. 2004N–0081. Fed. Regist. 69:42256–42274.
  15. Gangwer, M., M. Gamroth, and R. Seldin. 1993. 10 Important measures: Understanding dairy herd performance measurements from the Agri-Tech Analytics DHIA Herd Total Report, EM8540. http://eesc.orst.edu/agcomwebfile/edmat/html/EM/EM8540/EM8540.html Accessed July 5, 2005.
  16. Godden SM, Stewart SC, Fetrow JF, Rapnicki P, Cady R, Weiland W, et al. The relationship between herd rBST-supplementation and other factors with risk for removal for cows in Minnesota Holstein dairy herds. In: Proc. Four-State Nutr. Conf. LaCrosse, WI, MWPS-4SD16. MidWest Plan Service, Ames, IA. 2003;p. 55–64
  17. Gröhn YT, Eicker SW, Ducrocq V, Hertl JA. Effect of diseases on the culling of Holstein dairy cows in New York State. J. Dairy Sci. 1998;81:966–978
  18. Hoekema, M. J. 1999b. Guess what may be eating your lunch: The hidden costs of cull rate (part 1 of 2). http://dairy.ifas.ufl.edu/DBAP/The%20hidden%20costs%20of%20cull%20rate%202.pdf Accessed July 1, 2005.
  19. Hoekema, M. J. 1999b. Guess what may be eating your lunch: The hidden costs of cull rate (part 2 of 2). http://dairy.ifas.ufl.edu/DBAP/The%20hidden%20costs%20of%20cull%20rate%202.pdf Accessed July 1, 2005.
  20. Kelton DF, Lissemore KD, Martin RE. Recommendations for recording and calculating the incidence of selected clinical diseases of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 1998;81:2502–2509
  21. Leslie K E. Culling and genetic improvement programs for dairy herds. In:  Radostits OM,  Leslie KE,  Fetrow J editor. Herd Health: Food Animal Production Medicine. 2nd ed.. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders Co.; 1994;p. 159–182
  22. Milian-Suazo F, Erb HN, Smith RD. Descriptive epidemiology of culling in dairy cows from 34 herds in New York State. Prev. Vet. Med. 1988;6:243–251
  23. Minnesota DHIA. 2000. The consultant summary. http://www.mndhia.org/newhs/newhs-consult.html Accessed July 1, 2005.
  24. Dairy 2002 Part I: Reference of Dairy Health and Management in the United States. Fort Collins, CO: USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health; 2002;
  25. Radke B, Shook GE. Culling and genetics in dairy cattle. In:  Radostits OM editors. Herd Health: Food Animal Production Medicine. 3rd ed.. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders Company; 2001;p. 291–331
  26. Radke BR, Lloyd JW. Sixteen dairy culling and replacement myths. Compend. Contin. Educ. Prac. Vet. 2000;22:S36–S57
  27. Smith JW, Ely LO, Chapa AM. Effect of region, herd size, and milk production on reasons cows leave the herd. J. Dairy Sci. 2000;83:2980–2987
  28. van Arendonk JAM. Studies on the replacement policies in dairy cattle. II. Optimum policy and influence of changes in production and prices. Livest. Prod. Sci. 1985;13:101–125
  29. Van Tassell CP, Wiggans GR, Misztal I. Implementation of a sire-maternal grandsire model for evaluation of calving ease in the United States. J. Dairy Sci. 2003;86:3366–3373
  30. Williams CB, Oltenacu PA, Bratton CA, Milligan RA. Effect of business and dairy herd management practices on the variable cost of producing milk. J. Dairy Sci. 1987;70:1701–1709

PII: S0022-0302(06)72257-3

doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72257-3

Journal of Dairy Science
Volume 89, Issue 6 , Pages 1896-1905 , June 2006