High-Intensity Pulsed Electric Field Variables Affecting Staphylococcus aureus Inoculated in Milk

Effect of pulse polarity on the survival fraction (s) of Staphylococcus aureus inoculated in milk when the high-intensity pulsed electric field (HIPEF) treatment was set at 25 (■) or 35 (▾) kV/cm electric field intensity of 150 pulses of 8μs each.

Effect of electric field intensity on survival rate (s) of Staphylococcus aureus suspended in milk in bipolar mode, 8μs pulse width, and 50 (■) or 150 (▾) pulse number.

Effect of pulse number on survival rate (s) of Staphylococcus aureus suspended in milk when high-intensity pulsed electric field (HIPEF) treatment was set in bipolar mode, 8μs pulse width, and 25 (■) or 35 (▾) kV/cm electric field intensity.

Effect of pulse width on survival rate (s) of Staphylococcus aureus inoculated in milk when high-intensity pulsed electric field (HIPEF) treatment was carried out in bipolar mode, and at 25 (■) or 35 (▾) kV/cm electric field intensity (A=50 pulses; B=150 pulses).

Effect of the combination of pulse number and pulse width in bipolar mode on survival rate (s) of Staphylococcus aureus (t = treatment time; A=25 kV/cm; B=35 kV/cm).

Effect of the combined action of electric field intensity and pulse number on survival rate (s) of Staphylococcus aureus (polarity = bipolar; A=8μs; B=4μs).