Journal of Dairy Science
Volume 90, Issue 2 , Pages 594-601 , February 2007

Enzymatic Interesterification of Tripalmitin with Vegetable Oil Blends for Formulation of Caprine Milk Infant Formula Analogs

  • C.O. Maduko

      Affiliations

    • Department of Food Science & Technology, The University of Georgia, Athens 30602-7610
    • ,
  • C.C. Akoh

      Affiliations

    • Department of Food Science & Technology, The University of Georgia, Athens 30602-7610
    • ,
  • Y.W. Park

      Affiliations

    • Department of Food Science & Technology, The University of Georgia, Athens 30602-7610
    • Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, Georgia 31030-4313
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author.

Received 31 March 2006 ,Accepted 16 August 2006.

References 

  1. Agostoni C. Compliance of present recommendations of fatty acids in formulas for term infants with the actual human milk fatty acid composition in different populations. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92:785–787
  2. Birkbeck JA. Goat milk in infant feeding. N. Z. Med. J. 1978;87:365–368
  3. Brande H. Megaloblastic anaemia in an infant fed on goat's milk: A case report. S. Afr. Med. J. 1972;46:1288–1289
  4. British Department of Health. Guidelines on the nutritional assessment of infant formulas. Report of the Working Group on the Nutritional Assessment of Infant Formulas of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy. Rept. Health Soc. Subj. 47. London, UK: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; 1996;255–258
  5. Folch J, Lees M, Sloane-Stanley GH. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 1957;226:497
  6. Fomuso LB, Akoh CC. Enzymatic modification of triolein: Incorporation of capric and butyric acids to produce reduced-calorie structured lipids. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 1997;74:269–272
  7. Forsyth JS. Lipids and infant formulas. Nutr. Res. Rev. 1998;11:255–278
  8. Innis SM, Dyer R, Quinlan P, Dierson-Schade D. Palmitic acid is absorbed as sn-2 monopalmitin from milk and formula with rearranged triacylglycerols and results in increased plasma triglyceride sn-2 and cholesterol ester palmitate in piglets. J. Nutr. 1995;125:73–81
  9. Jensen RG. Lipids in human milk—Composition and fat-soluble vitamins. In:  Lebenthal E editors. Textbook of Gastroentorology and Nutrition in Infancy. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1989;p. 157–208
  10. Kennedy K, Fewtrell MS, Morley R, Abott R, Quinlan PT, Wells JCK, et al. Double-blind, randomized trial of a synthetic triacylglycerol in formula-fed term infants: Effects on stool biochemistry, stool characteristics and bone mineralization. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999;70:920–927
  11. Kirke P. Human consumption of goat's milk. Int. Med. J. 1979;72:492–501
  12. Koletzko B, Bremer HJ. Fat content and fatty acid composition of infant formulas. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 1989;78(Suppl. 4):513–521
  13. Lee KT, Akoh CC. Solvent free enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids from peanut oil and caprylic acid in a stirred tank batch reactor. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 1998;75:1533–1537
  14. Maduko CO, Akoh CC, Park YW. Comparison of the fatty acid distributions among different vegetable oil blends toward infant milk formulation. J. Dairy Sci. 2006;89(Suppl. 1):385;(Abstr.)
  15. Maduko CO, Peck DC, Toledo RT, Park YW. Modification of caprine milk fat to simulate fatty acid profile of human milk. 2005 IFT Ann. Mtg.. Chicago, IL: Institute of Food Technologists; 2005;Abstract 31–9
  16. Megraud F, Boudara G, Bessand K, Bensid S, Dabis F, Soltana R, et al. Incidence of bacterial infection in infants in Western Algeria and the possible protective role of breast-feeding. J. Epidemiol. Infect. 1990;105:73–78
  17. Packard VS. Human milk and infant formula. In:  Stewart GF,  Schweigert SS,  Hawthorn J editor. Infant Formula Composition, Formulation and Processing. Food Science and Technology Monograph Series. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1982;p. 140–175
  18. Park YW. Hypo-allergenic and therapeutic significance of goat milk. Small Rumin. Res. 1994;14:151–159
  19. Park YW. Relative buffering capacity of goat milk, cow milk, soy-based infant formulas, and commercial nonprescription antacid drugs. J. Dairy Sci. 1991;74:3326–3333
  20. Park YW, Haenlein GFW. Therapeutic and hypoallergenic values of goat milk and implication of food allergy. In:  Park YW,  Haenlein GFW editor. Handbook of Milk of Nonbovine Mammals. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Professional; 2006;p. 121–135
  21. Park YW, Washington AC. Fatty acid composition of goat milk organ and muscle meat of Alpine and Nubian breeds. J. Food Sci. 1993;58:245–248
  22. Quinlan PT, Lockton S, Irwin J, Lucas AL. The relationship between stool hardness and stool composition in breast and formula-fed infants. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 1995;20:81–90
  23. Sahin N, Akoh CC, Karaali A. Enzymatic production of human milk fat substitutes containing γ-linoleic acid: Optimization of reactions by response surface methodology. J. Am. Oil Chem. 2005;82:549–557
  24. Sahin N, Akoh CC, Karaali A. Lipase-catalyzed acidolysis of tripalmitin with hazelnut oil fatty acids and stearic acid to produce human milk fat substitutes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005;53:5779–5783
  25. SAS Institute. The SAS Program for Windows. Cary, NC: SAS Institute; 1996;
  26. Shepherd J, Packard CJ, Grundy SM, Yeshurun D, Gotto AM, Taunton OD. Effects of saturated and polyunsaturated fat diets on the chemical composition and metabolism of low-density lipoproteins in man. J. Lipid Res. 1980;21:91–99
  27. Spady DK, Dietschy J. Dietary saturated triacylglycerols suppress hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor activity in the hamster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1985;82:4526–4530
  28. Taitz LS, Armitage BL. Goat's milk for infants and children. Br. Med. J. 1984;288:428–429
  29. USDA. Composition of Foods. Washington, DC: Agriculture Handbook Nos. 1, 4, 9, 11, and 16. USDA; 1976;
  30. Xu X. Production of specific-structured triacylglycerols by lipase catalyzed reactions: A review. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 2000;102:287–303

PII: S0022-0302(07)71542-4

doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)71542-4

Journal of Dairy Science
Volume 90, Issue 2 , Pages 594-601 , February 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution