Goat Milk Free Fatty Acid Characterization During Conventional and Ohmic Heating Pasteurization

Pilot-plant scheme used in conventional and ohmic pasteurization of goat milk.

Principal component analysis (PCA) from calibration data of C_4:0 (a), C_6:0 (b), C_8:0 (c), C_10:0 (d), C_12:0 (e), and C_14:0 (f), using solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers FA (●), FB (■), and FC (▴). Principal components (PC) 1 and 2 relate to the concentrations of standard FFA and the extraction performance of different SPME fibers, respectively.

Robust linear regression for C4:0 (a), C6:0 (b), C8:0 (c), C10:0 (d), C12:0 (e), and C14:0 (f), extracted by using solid phase micro-extraction fibers FA (●), FB (■), and FC (▴). C4 to C10 = concentration of FFA; Cpi = concentration of internal standard; A = chromatogram peak area of FFA; and Ai = chromatogram peak area of internal standard.

Maximum and minimum percentage weight of FFA in untreated raw milk samples.

Principal component analysis of FFA composition in milks A, B, C, and D: (●) ST; (○) CV; (□) DM; (■) PPST; (♦) PP; (▴) POST; (●) PO. Principal components (PC) 1 and 2 relate to the concentration of C10:0 against other FFA and C4:0 + C6:0 against C8:0 and C10:0, respectively.

Hierarchical clustering between principal component analysis (PCA) loadings.

Hierarchical clustering between principal component analysis (PCA) scores.