Journal of Dairy Science
Volume 91, Issue 7 , Pages 2535-2544 , July 2008

Purification and Identification of Bovine Cheese Whey Fatty Acids Exhibiting In Vitro Antifungal Activity

  • M. Clément

      Affiliations

    • Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
    • Corresponding author.
  • ,
  • J. Tremblay

      Affiliations

    • Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
  • ,
  • M. Lange

      Affiliations

    • Saputo Inc., 6869 Métropolitain Est St-Léonard, Montreal, Québec, H1P 1X8, Canada
    • Current address: Agropur, 995 Johnson Est, St-Hyacinthe (Quebec), Canada J2S 7V6.
  • ,
  • J. Thibodeau

      Affiliations

    • Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
  • ,
  • P. Belhumeur

      Affiliations

    • Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada

Received 26 October 2007 ,Accepted 26 March 2008.

References 

  1. Al Jasser AM, Elkhizzi NA. Distribution of Candida species among bloodstream isolates. Saudi Med. J. 2004;25:566–569
  2. Bergsson G, Arnfinnsson J, Steingrimsson O, Thormar H. In vitro killing of Candida albicans by fatty acids and monoglycerides. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2001;45:3209–3212
  3. Bligh EG, Dyer WJ. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Med. Sci. 1959;37:911–917
  4. Brook I. Inoculum effect. Rev. Infect. Dis. 1989;11:361–368
  5. Calderone RA, Fonzi WA. Virulence factors of Candida albicans. Trends Microbiol. 2001;9:327–335
  6. Cimon B, Carrere J, Vinatier JF, Chazalette JP, Chabasse D, Bouchara JP. Clinical significance of Scedosporium apiospermum in patients with cystic fibrosis. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2000;19:53–56
  7. Clark TA, Hajjeh RA. Recent trends in the epidemiology of invasive mycoses. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 2002;15:569–574
  8. Clément M, Tremblay J, Lange M, Thibodeau J, Belhumeur P. Whey-derived free fatty acids suppress the germination of Candida albicans in vitro. FEMS Yeast Res. 2007;7:276–285
  9. Denning DW. Invasive aspergillosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 1998;26:781–803
  10. Dolan JW, Bell AC, Hube B, Schaller M, Warner TF, Balish E. Candida albicans PLD I activity is required for full virulence. Med. Mycol. 2004;42:439–447
  11. Fonzi WA, Irwin MY. Isogenic strain construction and gene mapping in Candida albicans. Genetics. 1993;134:717–728
  12. Groll AH, Walsh TJ. Uncommon opportunistic fungi: New nosocomial threats. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2001;7(Suppl. 2):8–24
  13. Hajjeh RA, Sofair AN, Harrison LH, Lyon GM, Arthington-Skaggs BA, Mirza SA, et al. Incidence of bloodstream infections due to Candida species and in vitro susceptibilities of isolates collected from 1998 to 2000 in a population-based active surveillance program. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2004;42:1519–1527
  14. Hoberg KA, Cihlar RL, Calderone RA. Inhibitory effect of cerulenin and sodium butyrate on germination of Candida albicans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1983;24:401–408
  15. Hogan DA, Vik A, Kolter R. A Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecule influences Candida albicans morphology. Mol. Microbiol. 2004;54:1212–1223
  16. Honraet K, Goetghebeur E, Nelis HJ. Comparison of three assays for the quantification of Candida biomass in suspension and CDC reactor grown biofilms. J. Microbiol. Methods. 2005;63:287–295
  17. Hornby JM, Jensen EC, Lisec AD, Tastos JJ, Jahnke B, Shoemaker R, et al. Quorum sensing in the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans is mediated by farnesol. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2001;67:2982–2992
  18. Huth PJ, DiRienzo DB, Miller GD. Major scientific advances with dairy foods in nutrition and health. J. Dairy Sci. 2006;89:1207–1221
  19. Idigoras P, Perez-Trallero E, Pineiro L, Larruskain J, Lopez-Lopategui MC, Rodriguez N, et al. Disseminated infection and colonization by Scedosporium prolificans: A review of 18 cases, 1990–1999. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2001;32:E158–E165
  20. Isaacs CE. The antimicrobial function of milk lipids. Adv. Nutr. Res. 2001;10:271–285
  21. Jackson BE, Wilhelmus KR, Mitchell BM. Genetically regulated filamentation contributes to Candida albicans virulence during corneal infection. Microb. Pathog. 2007;42:88–93
  22. Jacob MR, Walker LA. Natural products and antifungal drug discovery. Methods Mol. Med. 2005;118:83–109
  23. Jensen RG. The composition of bovine milk lipids: January 1995 to December 2000. J. Dairy Sci. 2002;85:295–350
  24. Jiang B, Bussey H, Roemer T. Novel strategies in anti-fungal lead discovery. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2002;5:466–471
  25. Johnson EM, Richardson MD, Warnock DW. Effect of imidazole antifungals on the development of germ tubes by strains of Candida albicans. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1983;12:303–316
  26. Johnson EM, Richardson MD, Warnock DW. In-vitro resistance to imidazole antifungals in Candida albicans. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1984;13:547–558
  27. Joshi KR, Gavin JB, Bremner DA. The formation of germ tubes by Candida albicans in various peptone media. Sabouraudia. 1973;11:259–262
  28. Kabara JJ, Swieczkowski DM, Conley AJ, Truant JP. Fatty acids and derivatives as antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1972;2:23–28
  29. Kaluzny MA, Duncan LA, Merritt MV, Epps DE. Rapid separation of lipid classes in high yield and purity using bonded phase columns. J. Lipid Res. 1985;26:135–140
  30. Kippert F. A rapid permeabilization procedure for accurate quantitative determination of beta-galactosidase activity in yeast cells. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 1995;128:201–206
  31. Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE. Antifungal drug resistance of pathogenic fungi. Lancet. 2002;359:1135–1144
  32. Krishnamurthy S, Plaine A, Albert J, Prasad T, Prasad R, Ernst JF. Dosage-dependent functions of fatty acid desaturase Ole1p in growth and morphogenesis of Candida albicans. Microbiology. 2004;150:1991–2003
  33. Kullberg BJ, Oude Lashof AM. Epidemiology of opportunistic invasive mycoses. Eur. J. Med. Res. 2002;7:183–191
  34. Kumamoto CA, Vinces MD. Contributions of hyphae and hypha-co-regulated genes to Candida albicans virulence. Cell. Microbiol. 2005;7:1546–1554
  35. Lass-Florl C, Speth C, Kofler G, Dierch MP, Gunsilius E, Wurzner R. Effect of increasing inoculum sizes of Aspergillus hyphae on MICs and MFCs of antifungal agents by broth microdilution method. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 2003;21:229–233
  36. Latge JP. Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1999;12:310–350
  37. Lee KL, Buckley HR, Campbell CC. An amino acid liquid synthetic medium for the development of mycelial and yeast forms of Candida albicans. Sabouraudia. 1975;13:148–153
  38. Liu H, Kohler J, Fink GR. Suppression of hyphal formation in Candida albicans by mutation of a STE12 homolog. Science. 1994;266:1723–1726
  39. Lo HJ, Kohler JR, DiDomenico B, Loebenberg D, Cacciapuoti A, Fink GR. Nonfilamentous C. albicans mutants are avirulent. Cell. 1997;90:939–949
  40. Molkentin J. Bioactive lipids naturally occurring in bovine milk. Nahrung. 1999;43:185–189
  41. Noverr MC, Toews GB, Huffnagle GB. Production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes by pathogenic fungi. Infect. Immun. 2002;70:400–402
  42. Odds FC, Cockayne A, Hayward J, Abbott AB. Effects of imidazole- and triazole-derivative antifungal compounds on the growth and morphological development of Candida albicans hyphae. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1985;131:2581–2589
  43. Omura S. The antibiotic cerulenin, a novel tool for biochemistry as an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis. Bacteriol. Rev. 1976;40:681–697
  44. Patterson TF. Invasive mycoses: management and unmet medical needs. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 2001;14:669–671
  45. Redding SW. The role of yeasts other than Candida albicans in oropharyngeal candidiasis. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 2001;14:673–677
  46. Rex JH, Pfaller MA, Rinaldi MG, Polak A, Galgiani JN. Antifungal susceptibility testing. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1993;6:367–381
  47. Sanglard D, Odds FC. Resistance of Candida species to antifungal agents: Molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2002;2:73–85
  48. Saville SP, Lazzell AL, Bryant AP, Fretzen A, Monreal A, Solberg EO, et al. Inhibition of filamentation can be used to treat disseminated candidiasis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2006;50:3312–3316
  49. Severin S, Wenshui X. Milk biologically active components as nutraceuticals. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2005;45:645–656(Review)
  50. Shah NP. Effects of milk-derived bioactives: An overview. Br. J. Nutr. 2000;84(Suppl. 1):S3–S10
  51. Sprong RC, Hulstein MF, Van der Meer MR. Bactericidal activities of milk lipids. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2001;45:1298–1301
  52. Stevens S, Hofemyer J-HS. Effects of ethanol, octanoic and decanoic acids on fermentation and the passive influx of protons through the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 1993;38:656–663
  53. Stewart E, Gow NA, Bowen DV. Cytoplasmic alkalinisation during germ tube formation in Candida albicans. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1988;134:1079–1087
  54. Stratton CW. Bactericidal testing. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. 1993;7:445–459
  55. Tortorano AM, Caspani L, Rigoni AL, Biraghi E, Sicignano A, Viviani MA. Candidosis in the intensive care unit: A 20-year survey. J. Hosp. Infect. 2004;57:8–13
  56. Traitler H, Wille HJ, Studer A. Fractionation of black-currant seed oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 1988;65:755–760
  57. Tsitsigiannis DI, Keller NP. Oxylipins as developmental and host-fungal communication signals. Trends Microbiol. 2007;15:109–118
  58. Vaghela MN, Kilara A. A rapid method for extraction of total lipids from whey-protein concentrates and separation of lipid classes with solid-phase extraction. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 1995;72:1117–1121
  59. Walzem RL, Dillard CJ, German JB. Whey components: Millennia of evolution create functionalities for mammalian nutrition: what we know and what we may be overlooking. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2002;42:353–375

PII: S0022-0302(08)71126-3

doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0806

Journal of Dairy Science
Volume 91, Issue 7 , Pages 2535-2544 , July 2008