Detection of Internal Cracks in Manchego Cheese Using the Acoustic Impulse-Response Technique and Ultrasounds

Schematic diagram of the acoustic impulse-response system for probes A and B.

(a) Small eyes in defect-free wheel pieces of Manchego cheese. (b) Typical signal found in ultrasonic pulse-echo testing for a defect-free cheese.

(a) Cracks in defective wheel pieces of Manchego cheese. (b) Typical signal found in ultrasonic pulse-echo testing for a defective cheese.

Typical energy spectra of normal and defective Manchego cheeses for the acoustic impulse-response technique; (a) probes A and (b) B. Spectra were divided into 3 intervals (I, II, and III) to calculate M₀ in each interval.

Central frequency (CF) vs. momentum in the second interval (M₀₂) for defective and normal Manchego cheeses using the acoustic impulse-response technique; probe A.

Principal component C1 vs. C2 obtained from the principal component analysis carried out on the whole spectra for all defective and normal Manchego cheeses; probe B.