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Article| Volume 73, ISSUE 12, P3414-3420, December 1990

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Association Between Genetic Polymorphism of Milk Proteins and Production Traits During Three Lactations

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      Abstract

      Polymorphic forms of αs1casein, β-casein, κ-casein, and β-lactoglobulin were used as genetic markers for milk yield, percentages of fat, and percentages protein during three lactations in 546 Quebec Holstein herds. β-Casein A2A2 cows produced more milk of lower fat content than β-casein A1A1 cows for the first, second, and third lactation. αS1-Casein types affected milk yield in the second lactation only (BB>AB>BC). Protein content of milk was influenced by phenotypes of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin for all three lactations. The replacement of A by B allele at the κ-casein locus would increase protein levels in milk by .08, .06, and .04%, respectively, for the first, second, and third lactation. Similarly, replacement of B by A allele at the β-lactoglobulin locus is followed by an increase of .05, .07, and .08% protein for the 3 lactation periods. Because of the relatively low frequency of κcasein B gene (24%) and moderately low frequency of β-lactoglobulin A gene (35%) in the Holstein population, it is possible to increase the protein in milk by proper selection of genetic variants.

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