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Article| Volume 74, ISSUE 4, P1321-1336, April 1991

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Effects of Urea and Starch on Rumen Fermentation, Nutrient Passage to the Duodenum, and Performance of Cows1

  • M.R. Cameron
    Affiliations
    Department of Animal Sciences
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  • T.H. Klusmeyer
    Affiliations
    Department of Animal Sciences
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  • Author Footnotes
    2 BASF Corporation, 100 Cherry Hill Rd., Parsippany, NJ 07054.
    G.L. Lynch
    Footnotes
    2 BASF Corporation, 100 Cherry Hill Rd., Parsippany, NJ 07054.
    Affiliations
    Department of Animal Sciences
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  • Author Footnotes
    3 Address correspondence to: Jimmy H. Clark, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 315 Animal Sciences Lab, 1207 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801.
    J.H. Clark
    Footnotes
    3 Address correspondence to: Jimmy H. Clark, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 315 Animal Sciences Lab, 1207 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801.
    Affiliations
    Department of Animal Sciences
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  • D.R. Nelson
    Affiliations
    Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
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  • Author Footnotes
    1 Supported in part by the University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station and a gift from the Commodity Credit Corporation, USDA.
    2 BASF Corporation, 100 Cherry Hill Rd., Parsippany, NJ 07054.
    3 Address correspondence to: Jimmy H. Clark, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 315 Animal Sciences Lab, 1207 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801.
Open ArchiveDOI:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78288-X
Effects of Urea and Starch on Rumen Fermentation, Nutrient Passage to the Duodenum, and Performance of Cows1
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      Abstract

      Four midlactation. multiparous Holstein cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to determine the effects of supplementing urea or starch or both to diets containing fish meal on passage of nutrients to the small intestine and performance of lactating cows. The treatments (in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement) were 1) control and control plus 2) urea, 3) starch, or 4) starch and urea. Supplementing diets with urea did not affect DMI; ruminal, postruminal, or total tract digestibilities of DM, starch, ADF, or NDF; ruminal fluid VFA concentrations or molar percentages; or ruminal fluid or particulate dilution rates. Feeding additional starch depressed DMI but did not alter ruminal or postruminal digestion of OM or VFA concentrations and molar percentages in ruminal fluid. Ruminal fluid ammonia concentration was increased by feeding urea and decreased by feeding additional starch. Passage of nonammonia N, nonammonia nonmicrobial N, or microbial N to the small intestine and efficiency of microbial CP synthesis were not affected significantly by supplying either urea or additional starch. Feeding urea increased passage of methionine to the small intestine, whereas feeding additional starch increased passage of methionine and arginine. Passage of other amino acids to the small intestine was not altered significantly by feeding urea or additional starch. Production of milk and milk protein was increased, but yields of fat and SNF were not altered by feeding diets supplemented with urea. Production of milk and milk fat was not affected, but yields of CP and SNF were decreased when additional starch was fed to cows.

      Key words

      Abbreviation Key:

      NANMN (nonammonia nonmicrobial N), OMAD (apparently digested OM), OMTD (truly digested OM)

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      Article info

      Publication history

      Accepted: September 4, 1990
      Received: April 9, 1990

      Identification

      DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78288-X

      Copyright

      © 1991 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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