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Article| Volume 79, ISSUE 5, P767-774, May 1996

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Effect of Dilution Rate on Bacteriophage Development in an Immobilized Cell System Used for Continuous Inoculation of Lactococci in Milk

  • Author Footnotes
    1 Food Research and Development Center, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 8E3.
    M. Lapointe
    Footnotes
    1 Food Research and Development Center, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 8E3.
    Affiliations
    Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie du Lait (STELA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
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  • Author Footnotes
    1 Food Research and Development Center, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 8E3.
    C.P. Champagne
    Footnotes
    1 Food Research and Development Center, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 8E3.
    Affiliations
    Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie du Lait (STELA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
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  • Author Footnotes
    2 Reprint requests.
    J.C. Vuillemard
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    2 Reprint requests.
    Affiliations
    Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie du Lait (STELA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
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  • C. Lacroix
    Affiliations
    Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie du Lait (STELA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
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  • Author Footnotes
    1 Food Research and Development Center, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 8E3.
    2 Reprint requests.
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      Abstract

      The response to bacteriophage contamination of a free cell and an immobilized cell bioreactor was studied during continuous pH-controlled fermentation of milk with Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis. After phage infection (1 × 105 pfu/ml), the phage population reached 1010 pfu/ml in a free cell bioreactor operated at a dilution rate of 0 .5/h and then declined to about 107 pfu/ml as a phage-resistant cell population became established in the system. In the immobilized cell bioreactor operated at dilution rates of 0.5 and 3/h, the phage population continuously increased until reaching 1010 pfu/ml where it remained throughout the 48 h of continuous culture. Conversely, phage populations decreased during the first 30 min following contamination at dilution rates of 10 and 15/h but subsequently increased. For all tested conditions in the immobilized cell bioreactor, the phage-resistant population increased to 102 to 104 cfu/ml, but the effluent milk contained mostly phage-sensitive cells. Analysis of bead populations showed the implantation of the phage as well as a limited population of phage-resistant cells. The effluent biomass from the immobilized cell bioreactor sharply reduced acidifying activity because this biomass was composed mainly of phage-sensitive cells and contained high phage populations.

      Key words

      Abbreviation key:

      D (dilution rate), FCB (free cell bioreactor), ICB (immobilized cell bioreactor), PRC (phage-resistant cells)

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