A Simple Method for the Analysis of Particle Sizes of Forage and Total Mixed Rations

References

1. • Allen M.S.
   • Robertson J.B.
   • Van Soest P.J.
   A comparison of particle size methodologies and statistical treatments.
   in: Kennedy P.M. Proc. Techniques in Particle Size Analysis of Feed and Digesta in Ruminants. Can. Soc. Anim. Sci., Edmonton, AB, Canada1984: 39
   • Google Scholar
2. • American Society of Agricultural Engineers
   S424: Method of Determining and Expressing Particle Size of Chopped Forage.
   40th ed. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., St. Joseph, MI1993
   • Google Scholar
3. • American Society of Agricultural Engineers
   S472: Terminology for Forage Harvesters and Forage Harvesting.
   40th ed. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., St. Joseph, MI1993
   • Google Scholar
4. • Beauchemin K.A.
   • Farr B.I.
   • Rode L.M.
   • Schaalje G.B.
   Effects of alfalfa silage chop length and supplementary long hay on chewing and milk production of dairy cows.
   J. Dairy Sci. 1994; 77: 1326
   • Scopus (76)
   • PubMed
   • Abstract
   • Full Text PDF
   • Google Scholar
5. • Fahey G.C.
   • Berger L.L.
   Carbohydrate nutrition of ruminants.
   in: Church D.C. The Ruminant Animal: Digestive Physiology and Nutrition. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ1988: 269
   • Google Scholar
6. • Grant R.J.
   • Colenbrander V.F.
   • Mertens D.R.
   Milk fat depression in dairy cows: role of particle size of alfalfa hay.
   J. Dairy Sci. 1990; 73: 1823
   • Scopus (80)
   • Abstract
   • Full Text PDF
   • Google Scholar
7. • Grant R.J.
   • Colenbrander V.F.
   • Mertens D.R.
   Milk fat depression in dairy cows: role of silage particle size.
   J. Dairy Sci. 1990; 73: 1834
   • Scopus (93)
   • Abstract
   • Full Text PDF
   • Google Scholar
8. • Jaster E.H.
   • Murphy M.R.
   Effects of varying particle size of forage on digestion and chewing behavior of dairy heifers.
   J. Dairy Sci. 1983; 66: 802
   • Scopus (89)
   • PubMed
   • Abstract
   • Full Text PDF
   • Google Scholar
9. • Martz F.A.
   • Belyea R.L.
   Role of particle size and forage quality in digestion and passage by cattle and sheep.
   J. Dairy Sci. 1986; 69: 1996
   • Scopus (60)
   • PubMed
   • Abstract
   • Full Text PDF
   • Google Scholar
10. • Mertens D.R.
    • Strawn T.L.
    • Cardoza R.S.
    Modeling ruminal particle size reduction: its relationship to particle size description.
    in: Kennedy P.M. Proc. Techniques in Particle Size Analysis of Feed and Digesta in Ruminants. Can. Soc. Anim. Sci., Edmonton, AB, Canada1984: 134
    • Google Scholar
11. • National Research Council
    Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle.
    6th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC1989
    • Google Scholar
12. • Norris K.H.
    • Barnes R.F.
    • Moore J.E.
    • Shenk J.S.
    Predicting forage quality by infrared reflectance spectroscopy.
    J. Anim. Sci. 1976; 43: 889
    • Google Scholar
13. • Pitt R.E.
    Theory of particle size distributions for chopped forages.
    Trans. ASAE (Am. Soc. Agric. Eng.). 1987; 30: 1246
    • Crossref
    • Google Scholar
14. • Pond K.R.
    • Tolley E.A.
    • Ellis W.C.
    • Matis J.H.
    A method for describing the weight distribution of particles from sieved forage.
    in: Kennedy P.M. Proc. Techniques in Particle Size Analysis of Feed and Digesta in Ruminants. Can. Soc. Anim. Sci., Edmonton, AB, Canada1984: 123
    • Google Scholar
15. • Rode L.M.
    • Weakley D.C.
    • Satter L.D.
    Effect of forage amount and particle size in diets of lactating dairy cows on site of digestion and microbial protein synthesis.
    Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1985; 65: 101
    • Crossref
    • Google Scholar
16. • Santini F.J.
    • Hardie A.R.
    • Jorgensen N.A.
    • Finner M.F.
    Proposed use of adjusted intake based on forage particle length for calculation of roughage indexes.
    J. Dairy Sci. 1983; 66: 811
    • Scopus (70)
    • Abstract
    • Full Text PDF
    • Google Scholar

17. SAS^® User's Guide: Statistics, Version 5 Edition. 1985. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC.

    • Google Scholar
18. • Shaver R.D.
    Forage particle length in dairy rations.
    in: Proc. Dairy Feeding Systems Symp., Northeast Reg. Agric. Eng. Service, Harrisburg, PA1990: 58
    • Google Scholar
19. • Smith T.R.
    • Pritchard D.E.
    An overview of recent developments in individual concentrate feeding equipment and management.
    in: Proc. Second Natl, Dairy Housing Conf. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., St. Joseph, MI1983: 150
    • Google Scholar
20. • Sudweeks E.M.
    • Ely L.O.
    • Mertens D.R.
    • Sisk L.R.
    Assessing minimum amounts and form of roughages in ruminant diets: roughage value index system.
    J. Anim. Sci. 1981; 53: 1406
    • Google Scholar
21. • Udén P.
    The effect of grinding and pelleting hay on digestibility, fermentation rate, digesta passage and rumen and faecal particle size in cows.
    Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 1987; 19: 145
    • Scopus (33)
    • Abstract
    • Full Text PDF
    • Google Scholar
22. • Vaage A.S.
    • Shelford J.A.
    Use of Weibull-type function to describe particle length in chopped forage.
    in: Kennedy P.M. Proc. Techniques in Particle Size Analysis of Feed and Digesta in Ruminants. Can. Soc. Anim. Sci., Edmonton, AB, Canada1984: 177
    • Google Scholar
23. • Van Soest P.J.
    Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant.
    O&B Books, Inc., Cowallis, OR1982
    • Google Scholar
24. • Welch J.G.
    Inert plastics as indicators of physiological processes in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants.
    J. Anim. Sci. 1990; 68: 2930
    • PubMed
    • Google Scholar
25. • Weston R.H.
    • Kennedy P.M.
    Various aspects of reticulorumen digestive function in relation to diet and digesta particle size.
    in: Kennedy P.M. Proc. Techniques in Particle Size Analysis of Feed and Digesta in Ruminants. Can. Soc. Anim. Sci., Edmonton. AB, Canada1984: 1
    • Google Scholar
26. • Woodford J.A.
    • Jorgensen N.A.
    • Barrington G.P.
    Impact of dietary fiber and physical form on performance of lactating cows.
    J. Dairy Sci. 1986; 69: 1035
    • Scopus (99)
    • PubMed
    • Abstract
    • Full Text PDF
    • Google Scholar
27. • Woodford S.T.
    • Murphy M.R.
    Effect of forage physical form on chewing activity, dry matter intake, and rumen function of dairy cows in early lactation.
    J. Dairy Sci. 1988; 71: 674
    • Scopus (116)
    • PubMed
    • Abstract
    • Full Text PDF
    • Google Scholar