This paper is only available as a PDF. To read, Please Download here.
Abstract
Twenty-four Holstein bull calves were fed a milk replacer diet to assess the effects of Cr on calf performance and metabolism of glucose. Treatments consisted of no supplemental Cr (control) or 0.4 mg/kg of dry matter of supplemental Cr from CrCl3 or from a Cr-nicotinic acid complex. Supplementation with the Cr-nicotinic acid complex increased the average daily gain and feed efficiency from d 28 to 42, but not over the entire 63-d performance phase. Calves that were fed diets supplemented with CrCl3 or the Cr-nicotinic acid complex had lower plasma glucose concentrations at 45 to 180 min after an i.v. infusion of insulin than did controls. Calves fed diets supplemented with the Cr-nicotinic acid complex also had lower plasma glucose concentrations from 90 to 180 min after insulin challenge than did calves that were fed diets supplemented with CrCl3. After an i.v. infusion of glucose, calves that were fed diets supplemented with CrCl3 had lower serum insulin concentrations at 10 to 25 min after challenge than did controls or calves that were fed diets supplemented with the Cr-nicotinic acid complex. However, the glucose clearance rate after glucose infusion was not affected by Cr supplementation. Chromium supplementation did not markedly affect the performance of calves, but the Cr-nicotinic acid complex and CrCl3 did intensify the response to insulin administered i.v.
Key words
References
- Chromium, glucose tolerance, and diabetes.Biol. Trace Element Res. 1992; 32: 19
- Supplemental chromium effects on glucose, insulin, glucagon, and urinary chromium losses in subjects consuming controlled-low chromium diets.Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1991; 54: 909
- Influence of chromium picolinate on glucose usage and metabolic criteria in growing Holstein calves.J. Anim. Sci. 1994; 72: 1591
- Carbohydrate nutrition of ruminants.in: Church D.C. The Ruminant Animal. Digestive Physiology and Nutrition. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ1988: 269
- Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria in intensively milkfed calves.J. Anim. Sci. 1994; 72: 160
- Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals.4th ed. Acad. Press, New York, NY1989
- Immune response, glucose metabolism, and performance of stressed feeder calves fed inorganic or organic chromium.J. Anim. Sci. 1995; 73: 2721
- Chromium occurrence and function in biological systems.Physiol. Rev. 1969; 49: 163
- Effect of level of supplemental chromium on performance, serum constituents and immune status of stressed feeder calves.J. Anim. Sci. 1993; 71: 232
- Chelated chromium for stressed feeder calves.Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1993; 73: 49
- Chromium supplementation effects on blood constituents in lambs fed high or low fiber diets.Nutr. Res. 1989; 9: 889
SAS/STAT® User's Guide, Release 6.03. 1988. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC.
Schwarz, K., and W. Mertz. 1959. Chromium (III) and the glucose tolerance factor. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 85:292. (Letters to the Editors.).
- Cholesterol. Quantitative, enzymatic determination of total cholesterol in serum or plasma at 500 nm.Sigma Chemical Co, St. Louis, MO1988 (Procedure No. 352.)
- Blood urea nitrogen. Quantitative, colorimetric determination of blood urea mitogen in serum or plasma at 515-540 nm.Sigma Chemical Co, St. Louis, MO1990 (Procedure No. 535.)
- Preparation of chromium-containing material of glucose tolerance factor activity from brewer's yeast extracts and by synthesis.J. Agric. Food Chem. 1977; 25: 162
- Control of responsiveness of tissues to hormones.in: Tsuda T. Sasaki Y. Kawashimo R. Physiological Aspects of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology. Acad. Press, Orlando, FL1991: 155
- Comparative effect of various forms of chromium on serum glucose: an assay for biologically active chromium.Nutr. Rep. Int. 1985; 32: 1
- Serum cholesterol of adults supplemented with brewer's yeast or chromium chloride.Nutr. Res. 1989; 9: 989
Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
November 26,
1996
Received:
June 12,
1996
Identification
Copyright
© 1997 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc.
User license
Elsevier user license | How you can reuse
Elsevier's open access license policy

Elsevier user license
Permitted
For non-commercial purposes:
- Read, print & download
- Text & data mine
- Translate the article
Not Permitted
- Reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works
- Redistribute or republish the final article
- Sell or re-use for commercial purposes
Elsevier's open access license policy