Advertisement
Article| Volume 81, ISSUE 10, P2645-2656, October 1998

Effects of Replacing Forage Fiber or Nonfiber Carbohydrates with Dried Brewers Grains1

  • R.S. Younker
    Affiliations
    Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
    Search for articles by this author
  • S.D. Winland
    Affiliations
    Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
    Search for articles by this author
  • Author Footnotes
    2 Reprint requests: 223 Animal Science Building, 2029 Fyffe Road.
    J.L. Firkins
    Footnotes
    2 Reprint requests: 223 Animal Science Building, 2029 Fyffe Road.
    Affiliations
    Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
    Search for articles by this author
  • Author Footnotes
    3 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences.
    B.L. Hull
    Footnotes
    3 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences.
    Affiliations
    Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
    Search for articles by this author
  • Author Footnotes
    1 Salaries and research support were provided by state and federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University. Contributing to Regional Research Project NC-185. Journal Article Number 3-98.
    2 Reprint requests: 223 Animal Science Building, 2029 Fyffe Road.
    3 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences.
Open ArchiveDOI:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75822-9
Effects of Replacing Forage Fiber or Nonfiber Carbohydrates with Dried Brewers Grains1
Previous ArticleRelationships Among Absorbents on the Reduction of Grass Silage Effluent and Silage Quality
Next ArticleDiet Choice by Dairy Cows. 1. Selection of Feed Protein Content During the First Half of Lactation
      This paper is only available as a PDF. To read, Please Download here.

      Abstract

      Four primiparous Holstein cows in late lactation were used in a 4 × 5 Youden square design. Each cow was fitted with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas. Treatments were a control diet with a high concentration of forage, a control diet with a low concentration of forage, and three diets in which dried brewers grains replaced a portion of the forage, concentrate, or both. Cows were fed and milked twice daily in 14-d periods. Chromic oxide and Yb (soaked in acid) were used as markers for digesta flow and rate of passage, respectively. No significant differences in ruminal pH or rates of passage caused by treatment were detected. Although brewers grains had slower digestion rates of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in situ and faster passage rates than did alfalfa, brewers grains had minor effects on site of NDF digestion. Intake of dry matter was depressed by the higher NDF concentrations in diets in which brewers grains replaced concentrate, but a long-term feeding study is needed to verify this conclusion. Although brewers grains did not appear to be very effective at stimulating milk fat percentage, dry matter intake was maintained when brewers grains replaced forage, and it appears that brewers grains can successfully replace a portion of the forage NDF in the diets of lactating cows.

      Key words

      Abbreviation Key:

      BG (brewers grains), BGB (diets in which BG replaced both forage and concentrate), BGC (diets in which BG replaced concentrate), BGF (diets in which BG replaced forage), HFC (high forage control diet), LFC (low forage control diet), NFC (nonfiber carbohydrates)

      References

        • Allen M.S.
        Relationship between fermentation acid production in the rumen and the requirement for physically effective fiber.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1997; 80: 1447-1462
        • Association of Official Analytical Chemists
        15th ed. Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. AOAC, Arlington, VA1990
        • Batajoo K.K.
        • Shaver R.D.
        Impact of nonfiber carbohydrate on intake, digestion, and milk production by dairy cows.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1994; 77: 1580-1588
        • Berndtson W.E.
        A simple, rapid and reliable method for selecting and assessing the number of replicates for animal experiments.
        J. Anim. Sci. 1991; 69: 67-76
        • Bowman J.G.P.
        • Hunt C.W.
        • Kerley M.S.
        • Paterson J.A.
        Effects of grass maturity and legume substitution on large particle size reduction and small particle flow from the rumen of cattle.
        J. Anim. Sci. 1991; 69: 369-378
        • Chaney A.L.
        • Marbach E.P.
        Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia.
        Clin. Chem. 1962; 8: 130-132
        • Cozzi G.
        • Polan C.E.
        Corn gluten meal or dried brewers grains as partial replacement for soybean meal in the diet of Holstein cows.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1994; 77: 825-834
        • Cunningham K.D.
        • Cecava M.J.
        • Johnson T.R.
        Nutrient digestion, nitrogen, and amino acid flows in lactating cows fed soybean hulls in place of forage or concentrate.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1993; 76: 3523-3535
        • Davis C.L.
        • Grenawalt D.A.
        • McCoy G.C.
        Feeding value of pressed brewers’ grains for lactating dairy cows.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1983; 66: 73-79
        • Firkins J.L.
        Maximizing microbial protein synthesis in the rumen.
        J. Nutr. 1996; 126: 1347S-1354S
        • Firkins J.L.
        Effects of feeding nonforage fiber sources on site of fiber digestion.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1997; 80: 1426-1437

      12. Firkins, J. L., M. S. Allen, B. S. Oldick, and N. R. St-Pierre. 1998. Modeling ruminal digestibility of carbohydrates and microbial protein flow to the duodenum. J. Dairy Sci. 81:.(in press).

        • Firkins J.L.
        • Berger L.L.
        • Merchen N.R.
        • Fahey Jr., G.C.
        Effects of forage particle size, level of feed intake and supplemental protein degradability on microbial protein synthesis and site of nutrient digestion in steers.
        J. Anim. Sci. 1986; 62: 1081-1094
        • Goering H.K.
        • Van Soest P.J.
        Forage Fiber Analyses (Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures, and Some Applications).
        ARS-USDA, Washington, DC1970 (Agric. Handbook No 379)
        • Llamas-Lamas G.
        • Combs D.K.
        Effect of forage to concentrate ratio and intake level on utilization of early vegetative alfalfa silage by dairy cows.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1991; 74: 526-536
        • Mertens D.R.
        Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1997; 80: 1463-1481
        • Murdock F.R.
        • Hodgson A.S.
        • Riley Jr., R.E.
        Nutritive value of wet brewers’ grains for lactating dairy cows.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1981; 64: 1826-1832
        • National Research Council
        Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle.
        6th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC1989
        • National Research Council
        Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle.
        7th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC1996
        • Pantoja J.
        • Firkins J.L.
        • Eastridge M.L.
        • Hull B.L.
        Effects of fat saturation and source of fiber on site of nutrient digestion and milk production by lactating dairy cows.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1994; 77: 2341-2356
        • Polan C.E.
        • Herrington T.A.
        • Wark W.A.
        • Armentano L.E.
        Milk production response to diets supplemented with dried brewers grains, wet brewers grains, or soybean meal.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1985; 68: 2016-2026
        • Poore M.H.
        • Moore J.A.
        • Swingle R.S.
        • Eck T.P.
        • Brown W.H.
        Response of lactating Holstein cows to diets varying in fiber source and ruminal starch degradability.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1993; 76: 2235-2243
        • Rogers J.A.
        • Conrad H.R.
        • Dehority B.A.
        • Grubb J.A.
        Microbial numbers, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen utilization of steers fed wet or dried brewers’ grains.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1986; 69: 745-753
        • Sarwar M.
        • Firkins J.L.
        • Eastridge M.L.
        Effect of replacing neutral detergent fiber of forage with soyhulls and corn gluten feed for dairy heifers.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1991; 74: 1006-1017
        • Sarwar M.
        • Firkins J.L.
        • Eastridge M.L.
        Effects of varying forage and concentrate carbohydrates on nutrient digestibilities and milk production by dairy cows.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1992; 75: 1533-1542

      26. SAS/STAT® User's Guide, Release 6.03 Edition. 1988. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC.

        • Sievert S.J.
        • Shaver R.D.
        Effect of nonfiber carbohydrate level and Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on intake, digestion, and milk production in lactating dairy cows.
        J. Anim. Sci. 1993; 71: 1032-1040
        • Sievert S.J.
        • Shaver R.D.
        Carbohydrate and Aspergillus oryzae effects on intake, digestion, and milk production by dairy cows.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1993; 76: 245-254
        • Steele R.G.D.
        • Torrie J.H.
        Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach.
        2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co, New York, NY1980
        • Sukhija P.S.
        • Palmquist D.L.
        Rapid method for determination of total fatty acid content and composition of feedstuffs and feces.
        J. Agric. Food Chem. 1988; 36: 1202-1206
        • Swain S.M.
        • Armentano L.E.
        Quantitative evaluation of fiber from nonforage sources used to replace alfalfa silage.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1994; 77: 2318-2331
        • Tyrrell H.F.
        • Reid J.T.
        Prediction of the energy value of cow's milk.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1965; 48: 1215-1223
        • Uden P.
        • Colucci P.E.
        • Van P.J.
        • Soest
        Investigation of chromium, cerium, and cobalt as markers in digesta. Rate of passage studies.
        J. Sci. Food Agric. 1980; 31: 625-632
        • Ushida K.
        • Lassalas B.
        • Jouany J.P.
        Determination of assay parameters for RNA analysis in bacterial and duodenal samples by spectrophotometry. Influence of sample treatment and preservation.
        Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 1985; 25: 1037-1046
        • Van Soest P.J.
        • Robertson J.B.
        • Lewis B.A.
        Methods for dietary, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1991; 74: 3583-3597
        • Wagner K.M.
        • Firkins J.L.
        • Eastridge M.L.
        • Hull B.L.
        Replacement of corn silage with wheat middlings and calcium chloride or sodium bicarbonate for lactating dairy cows.
        J. Dairy Sci. 1993; 76: 564-574
        • Weiss W.P.
        • Conrad H.R.
        • Pierre N.R.St.
        A theoretically-based model for predicting total digestible nutrient values of forages and concentrates.
        Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 1992; 39: 95-110
        • Williams C.H.
        • David D.J.
        • Iismaa O.
        The determination of chromic oxide in feces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
        J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.). 1962; 59: 381-385
        • Zinn R.A.
        • Owens F.N.
        A rapid procedure for purine measurement and its use for estimating net ruminal protein synthesis.
        Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1986; 66: 157-166

      Article info

      Publication history

      Accepted: June 8, 1998
      Received: February 19, 1998

      Identification

      DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75822-9

      Copyright

      © 1998 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc.

      User license

      Elsevier user license |
      How you can reuse Information Icon
      Elsevier user license

      Permitted

      For non-commercial purposes:

      • Read, print & download
      • Text & data mine
      • Translate the article

      Not Permitted

      • Reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works
      • Redistribute or republish the final article
      • Sell or re-use for commercial purposes

      Elsevier's open access license policy

      ScienceDirect

      Access this article on ScienceDirect
      We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. To update your cookie settings, please visit the for this site.
      Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. except certain content provided by third parties. The content on this site is intended for healthcare professionals.


      RELX